The mythological and place-name memory of An, the Father, was slim but the memory of Hawa, the Creator, was strong. The strength of the planetary record may be due to the role the various celestial personalities played in the minds of early man. We shall go on now to another important one. This is the memory of our former planetary ruler, known commonly as the devil, but given respect by Jesus when he refered to him as the Prince of this world.
 

In the old Irish myths Dagda had a son named Oengus who became a prominent character in the folklore of Ireland. He ousted his father from Bruig na Boinne, the Mansion of the Boyne. Again this is a corrupt folk memory of the heavenly rebellion. He had another name: In Mac Oc, the Younger Son^CH. In another version of the myth In Mac Oc acquired rulership of the world from his father and half-brother, Eochaid Ollathair. Ollathair in Keltic Old Irish meant All-Father, the Father of all. This father-brother motif in Ireland parallels that of the Greek Zeus and Poseidon. In Ireland Oc was also known as the "supreme ruler of the universe." He is the one who tried to usurp divine rulership. In later romanticized folk tales Angus Og is the god of love and beauty and patron to young men and women^RHDEL.
 

Another memorable personality in the Irish myths is Ogma. Ogma was an invincible champion of the goddess Dana. As Ogham, the Irish god of poetry and eloquence, he was known as the inventor of the famous Ogham writing. He is remembered in France as Ogmios, the god who led men with silver threads of eloquence issuing from his tongue. He was the one who betrayed mankind and misled Eve with his devious logic and shrewd eloquence. The Romans knew him as Mercury; the Greeks as Hermes^CH,RHDEL.
 

The name Oc or Og is notorious around the world. It is also known as Ak, Aki, Aku, Ogo, and other varied forms.
 

When the Israelites conquered the land of Canaan one of the territories included "all the kingdom of Og of Bashan who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei." Og alone was left of the remnant of the Rephaim, the giants of old, Josh 13:12. His bedstead was made of iron; it was nine cubits (14 feet) long and four cubits (6 feet) wide. When the Hebrew scribes put the account together they asked, "Is it (the bed) not in Rabbah of the Ammonites," Deut 3:11? At that time they believed that giant people with extraordinary powers had once occupied the earth and that Og, the king of Bashan, was the last of them.
 

This bible story does not carry much information except that Og was a giant. However, other Hebrew myths state that two Giants, Og and Reem, were wandering spirits who entered Noah's ark. These monsters were too large for any cabin but they survived nevertheless. Reem swam behind resting his nose on the poop. Og was Hiya's! son, the woman who later married Ham. She begged Noah to keep Og's head above water by letting him cling to a rope ladder. In gratitude Og swore that he would be Noah's slave; although Noah fed Og through a port-hole he afterwards resumed his evil ways^HM.
 

The elements of the story are informative. The giant Og was a fearful, evil being of the preflood age. He survived the Flood and now still roams the world. He had a companion, Reem, who was equally fearful and who also survived. The Egyptians remembered this pair as Apep and Nak, the evil ones who tried to destroy Osiris, the Creator when he lived here as a man^EBD. (Remember Satan trying to get Jesus to jump off a cliff.) In the Bible this pair is remembered as Leviathan and Behemoth; one was a land monster, the other a sea monster. They are representative of the former Planetary Prince and a spirit brother.
 

On the plain of Salisbury in England is built Stonehenge, that ancient open-air temple which monitored the movement of the heavenly bodies and the cycles of time^SD. Within a few miles of this site are three villages which bear the name Ogbourne, Ogbourne St. Andrews, and Ogbourne St. George. In olden times they were known as Ocheburne, named after Occa's stream^CODEPN. The Ock River flows across this same plain near Stonehenge and on into the Thames. An Og River flows somewhat parallel into the Bourne River^TK. Etymologists believe the Ock river names derive from an old name for the salmon, Old Cornish ehoc, Welsh eog, and Middle Welsh ehawc. However they believe Ockbrook derives from Occa's brook^CODEPN.
 

About three miles south of Stonehenge is Ogbury Camp, a prehistoric defense site more than a mile in circumference, covering sixtythree acres with ramparts thirty-three feet high. This cluster of names in the vicinity of Stonehenge suggests that the ancient residents of the area were commemorating a mythological personage name Ock or Og. (The Welsh and Cornish names for the salmon may derive from the same source as the river place-names, Oc.)
 

Since before Christian times the day of midwinter was celebrated in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland with drunken rituals and festivals. Hugh bonfires blazed in the village streets. Processions of men, women and children wearing grotesque masks and animal skins would wind from house to house. The event was known as Og night. The celebration was replaced by early Christian missionaries who gave us the hallowed meal on Christmas Eve and the trading of presents, symbolic of Jesus' gift to mankind. This Keltic pagan activity is still remembered at Halloween, the eve of All Saints' Day, now in honor of departed souls. The name Halloween came from Hallowed Eve and was intended to be remembered in sacred honor of the departed dead, not in pagan celebration of ghosts and goblins.
 

processions when a hugh stuffed effigy was carried along with the Maypole. This effigy was named Eug. A tall Welsh goblin or giant was named Hough, or Ough. The term was generic for all goblins. It was used as an expression of disgust^OED.

Oc was remembered again at Easter time. Ocktide (or Hocktide) was a part of the spring festival kept on the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter. Ock Monday was reserved for men; Ock Tuesday for women. It was a time to pay church dues. Again Christian missionaries, faced with the pagan festivals, converted them into more devout celebrations.

One of the most memorial events in British history took place when the Keltic natives had an uprising against the Anglo-Saxon invaders. The event was on Ock Tuesday; women were in the forefront of the fighting.
 

In ancient Egypt Acher was the god of the world, the great Earth god. He had a retinue of spirit assistants who were called the Acheru. In ancient Egypt ach meant clay and earth^EBD,EHD. While the Irish remembered this earth god as Ocham the Egyptians also remembered him as Akhem; he had a lions body with a head at each end. Akhem in Egyptian meant to be ignorant, to do and have nothing^EBD,EHD.
 

(The dual-headed monster is another corrupt memory of two fallen brother gods: Og and Reem, Apep and Nak, Leviathan and Behemoth.)
 

The Egyptian myths were highly distorted and confused. Aku was a god of the Tuat, the celestial abode of those who resurrected from the flesh. Akaki was a doorkeeper of the Tuat. Akaku was a god of light, but Akak in Egyptian meant darkness and night. Akh was the name for the soul of a departed person.
 

Aku-Aku was the Polynesian god of the sea. Aku is the Japanese devil. In Japanese mythology Susanowo built a great palace and, espousing a beautiful princess whose life he had saved from the eight-headed dragon, he lived therein. The two produced a number of generations of the gods. Their most renowned offspring was Okuninushi, "Master of the Great Land^MAW."
 

Oceanus was the ancient Greek god of the sea. He was a Titan, son of Uranus and Gaea, and father of the river gods and of the Oceanids, the sea nymphs. The Greeks believed the first city was built by Ogyges who lived prior to the first flood, and that the planets experienced changes in celestial position during the age of Ogyges.
 

The Oc-Og-Ach name was remembered by many people. Acher was the Hindu All-in-All. Acharan was the Persian creator of all things. Aegir was the Swedish god of the ocean. Ogier was a mighty Danish warrior. Haco was a legendary Norwegian and German giant. Hugun was the French king of the goblins. Tokaki was a Japanese mythological giant. In Turkey the word Agha (Aga) means Lord or Master; it is borrowed from that ancient Lord and Master of the earth.
 

In earlier centuries English writers used the word ogygian to denote remote antiquity. We find og-, oc- and ok- words today which connote darkness, mystery, trouble and woe. Ogre is a word used to denote someone terrifying in behavior; in fairy tales he was a man-eating giant. The words occult for esoteric and mysterious phenomena, occultation for the darkening of a heavenly body, and occlude for a closing up or stopping -- all denote the source of the words. Ogle means to stare at covetously or to leer. Etymologists believe the word comes from a Teutonic stem, augo for the eye.
 

Other Oc river names in Europe are the Ogy and Okegem of Belgium, the Oknon and Oger of France, the Oker and Ache of Germany, the Oca and Ocana of Spain, the Ocke and Okelbo of Sweden and the Oglio and Oggiona of Italy.

In place-names we have Achea, the oldest city of ancient Rhodes, Achamantis as the former name for Cyprus, Ogliostra region of Sardinia, Achradina as the original name for Syracuse, Ochili as a pass between Pakistan and Afghanistan, Achland as a German island in the North Sea, Actae as ancient Attica, Akhmim as the upper Nile in Egypt and Achad and Ugu as cities of India.
 

Names for people show as Acheans for ancient Greek tribes, Oegypt for Egypt, Achili as a tribe of North Africa, Acherini as the earliest inhabitants of Sicily, and the Achisarmi as ancient inhabitants of Africa.
 

Numerous other Oc names exist around the world.
 

The clue behind these many names, traditions, practices and folklore is in the Hebrew word, Ach; it means brother. Oc was the former Great Brother of mankind, the one assigned to the caretaking of this world, the one who held an assignment of high responsibility. He was the god of this planet, the Planetary Prince, the one who was cast down and judged. He rebelled and he carried this world into trouble, woe and tribulation. He brought on the cataclysmic cycles of the ages. He not only was a brother to man; he was also a brother to God. He was remembered with awe and respect, with fear and foreboding. Many of the pagan practices were intended to allay his attacks upon man.
 

We remember him yet today. The Hebrew, the German, and the Scot people invoke his name by the exclamation Ach! It denotes surprise, regret, consternation and trouble. In modified form we also use it as Ugh! It means disgust and loathing. Although scholars believe these are mere senseless verbal expressions those scholar do not have the benefit of the insight offered by a study such as this.